Steam-engine



(No Mum.)

J. W. NYS-TROM. Y

l I STEAM ENGINE. I No. 272,306.y Patented feb. 13,1883.

Wifh'es ses.l

@OMM *Y /Wgf A B and connecting-rods C, to balance oppositeA cranks, Kia.

, ance each other.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.IoHN w. Nvs'rEoM, or PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent yNo. 272,306, datedFebruary 13, 1853.

Application filed September'll), 1882. (No model.) Y

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN W. NYsTRoM, o the city and county ot Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines, by which the moving parts are balanced for gravity, centrifugal force, and gyration, which enables the engine to run steady at a very high speed without noise or shaking.

The following specification, with the aecompanying drawings, is a full explanation of my Invention.

This engine is invented and designed for the purpose of driving machinery direct at a very high speed, as required for electro-dynamo machines, fans, centrifugal pumps, hoistingmachines, rolling-mills, screw-propellers, and in other cases where belting and gearing are objectionable for increasing speed. The ordinary steam-engine, when run at ahigh speed, is

generally found to make objectionable noise by the unbalanced moving parts shaking the whole surrounding system to such an extent as to seriously interfere with the proper execution of the work. In my improved engine all the moving parts are balanced, as will beI understood by the accompanying drawings with three different*illustrations ot' my invention.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a horizontal stationary engine.Vv Fig. 2 is a plan ot' the engine, showing how the moving parts are balanced. Fig. 3 shows the counterpoise for balancing the gyration of the cranks.

The engine consists ot' two steam-cylinders, A. A, Fig. 2, placed side by side, the pistons ot' which are connected direct by pistou-rods When in motion the piston, piston-rod, and connecting-rod ot' each engine move in opposite directions, and thus the momentums ot the two reciprocating systems bal- The motive power is applied direct from the piston to the crank-that is, the piston-rod and connecting-rod of each engineare in the same straight line when the cranksare on the centers. When the connecting-rod is placed at one side of the direction ofthe centerline of the piston-rod, then the niotive power is not working direct, but sidewise. The two steam-cylinders are cast in one piece, making only one thickness of metal between them. and, as represented on the drawings, the bed-plate is cast in the same piece with the cylinders, which makes the combination a rigid system. The two cranks K K are made in one piece, opposite to one another, and Vbalanced `for gravity, centrifugal force, and ,gyratiom A revolving body balanced for gravity may not be balanced for centrifugal force and gyration, and it may be balanced for both gravity aud centrifugal force, but not for gyratiomwhich latter is most generally the case. When a revolving body of high speed yis not balanced for gyratiou, the slightest change of speed will make the system shake or vibrate. In vorder to overcome this didiculty,1 make a counterpoise, It, on each crank of equal form to that of the part K, Figs. 2 and 3, which balances the revolvingcrank for gravity, centrifugal force, and gyration. Without the counterpoise k the'opposite cranks would be balanced only for gravity, but not for centrifugal` force and gyration, which two latter forces would work and shake the system when running at a high speed. When the counterpoise la is of a different shape from that of the part K, then the system may be balanced for gravity and centrifugal -force, but not for gyration, as is generally the case in propeller-engines, where the counterpoise is made of a dii'erent shape from that of the crank. The center part, K', Fig. 2, ofthe cranks is of equal form to that ofKand k, and is therefore balanced. The two crank-pins, with their collars, balance one another. The reciprocating systems-that is, the steam-piston, piston-rod B, cross-head D, and connecting-rod C of each engine-move in opposite directions, and therefore balanceone another very nearly, but not perfectly so on account of .the connecting-rods being of denite lengths; but when the length ofthe connecting-rod is three times the length of the stroke, or more, the difference is so small as to be inappreciable in practice. This objection can, however, he overcome by making the cranks to work in slot-motions, which is readily understood hy mechanical engineers.

Of the two engines, either one of them can be used with steam, while the other can run empty and only serve for balancing the reciprocating systems; or, if the weightot1 metal in the piston and piston-rod of the empty en` igine be placed in its cross-head D, it would TOO also balance the reciprocating systems, but; would not work so Wellin the journals as with steam in both cylinders.

Opposite cranks are described in my treatise on screw-propellers, published in 1852, and cranks balanced for gravity have been used, and are notJ new 5 but; these cranks have not been balanced fOrcentrifugal forceand gyration, nor are opposite cranks as usedin propellerengines constructed as herein described as my invention, but. have journals or eccentrics between the cranks. My invention can be applied equally Well to horizontal, inclined, Or vertical engines.

tween the cranks, substantially as and for the 2o purpose described.

JOHN W. yYsTROM,

Witnesses:

T. ELLWOOD POTrs, R. A. JOHNSON. 

